Why Is the Lion the National Animal of England?

Understanding the symbolism behind the lion as the national animal of England can provide insights into the historical roots, cultural significance, and modern representations of this majestic creature. However, it’s important to note that the lion has never been officially designated as the national animal of England, as Russia is often associated with the bear due to cultural and historical reasons.

Historical Context and Symbolism

According to records, the earliest documented use of the lion as a symbol associated with England dates back to 1127. Geoffrey Plantagenet, the future Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, received a gift of a blue shield decorated with small golden lions from Henry I. This event marked the beginning of the lion's association with the Plantagenet family and, by extension, with England.

The Lion of England

The lion depicted in English heraldry and royal symbols is not the common African lion. Instead, it is the Barbary Lion, a subspecies that roamed the deserts and mountains of North Africa. The Barbary lion is considered the unofficial national animal of England. Sadly, this sub-species is now extinct in the wild.

Lions in the Menagerie of the Tower of London

During the Middle Ages, the lions kept in the menagerie at the Tower of London were Barbary lions. These animals were not only a source of fascination but also a symbol of royal power and prestige. The presence of lions in the royal menagerie reinforced the idea of a powerful and fearsome ruler.

Evolution of the Royal Arms of England

The Royal Arms of England is a coat of arms that symbolizes England and the English monarchs. Originating in the High Middle Ages, the Royal Arms have undergone numerous changes in design to reflect the shifting political landscape and territorial expansion of the Kingdom of England.

Today, the enduring blazon or technical description of the Royal Arms specifies three lions, symbolizing the three uncles of Henry III. Although officially subsumed into the heraldry of the British Royal Family in 1707, the historic Royal Arms continue to represent England in various forms.

Modern Representations

The three lions have become one of the most recognizable national symbols of England. They form the basis of several emblems of English national sports teams, such as the England national football team. The lions appear on numerous coins of the pound sterling and are widely used in cultural and sporting contexts to evoke a sense of tradition, strength, and national pride.

Conclusion

The lion's association with England is deeply rooted in historical and cultural traditions. From the medieval era to the present day, the lion remains a powerful symbol of England's identity and history. While the Barbary lion is now extinct, its legacy lives on through the enduring symbol of three lions in the Royal Arms.

Understanding the symbolism and historical context of the lion in English heritage can provide valuable insights into the nation's past and present.