Why Baseball Players Use Eye Black and Its Effectiveness

Have you ever noticed a black stripe underneath the eyes of baseball players? This isn't just a traditional quirky quirk; it's actually a grease paint called "eye black." Though its effectiveness in reducing glare has been debated, players wear it for various reasons, including tradition, psychological benefits, and self-expression.

What is Eye Black?

Eye black, essentially grease paint, comes in a tube and is applied to the skin under the eyes to cut down glare from the sun and stadium lights. While some athletes opt for "athletic anti-glare stickers" instead, studies have shown that these do not provide the same benefit as eye black.

How Does Eye Black Work?

Eye black is traditionally used to reduce the glare from the sun and stadium lights, which can significantly impact visibility and performance. Its reflective properties, especially under bright sunlight, can enhance players' ability to see the ball clearly. Additionally, the psychological benefits of wearing eye black can also contribute to better focus and confidence on the field.

Why Do Players Wear Eye Black?

While the effectiveness of eye black has been debated, players still wear it for several reasons. For one, it has become a tradition in baseball. Many players started to use it after Babe Ruth, who is credited as the first major league player to use it, demonstrated its benefits. Players also wear it to express their identity and team loyalty. Moreover, eye black has become a fashion statement, and players use it to stand out on the field.

The Science Behind Eye Black

Studies have delved into the effectiveness of eye black. An early study in 2003 by the Journal of the American Medical Association - Ophthalmology tested the ability of periorbitally applied antiglare products to improve contrast sensitivity under sunlight. The study found that grease-based eye black did improve contrast sensitivity, but sticker-based eye black did not. Subsequent studies in 2005 confirmed the original findings. In general, grease-based products were found to be more effective than sticker-based products.

However, the studies also noted that the effectiveness of eye black varied based on eye color. People with blue eyes were helped less by eye black than those with other eye colors. This is likely due to the light reflection properties of different eye colors and the contrast sensitivity of the human eye.

The Evolution of Eye Black

The composition of eye black has evolved over time. Originally, players used residue from burning the end of a cork as a form of eye black. Over the years, the formula evolved to include combinations of substances such as beeswax, petroleum jelly, paraffin, and carbon. The stick on strips that emerged in the late 1990s or early 2000s offer a convenient alternative, but they may not be as effective as the traditional grease-based eye black.

Closing Thoughts

The use of eye black in baseball is a tradition that continues because of its potential benefits and its role in player identity. While the scientific evidence for its effectiveness varies, the psychological benefits and aesthetic appeal are undeniable. Whether it's Babe Ruth or modern players, the use of eye black is a fascinating aspect of baseball culture that goes beyond just reducing glare.