Understanding the Requirements for the State of the Union Address: Biden's Inaugural Year and Beyond

The State of the Union (SOTU) address is a significant and traditional event in the United States' political calendar. Many are curious about the specific requirements and historical context surrounding this address, especially in a President's inaugural year. Does the President need to deliver the address in person, and have these requirements always been the same?

Historical Context and Constitutional Requirements

The U.S. Constitution does not specifically mandate that the President must deliver the State of the Union address in person. The Constitution states that the President 'shall from time to time give to the Congress Information on the State of the Union.'

This constitutional requirement has been interpreted and implemented in various ways throughout American history. Notably, from Thomas Jefferson (the third U.S. President) up until Herbert Hoover (the 31st U.S. President), many Presidents chose to send written letters to Congress rather than deliver the address in person. Woodrow Wilson (the 28th U.S. President), who is often regarded as one of the most narcissistic in U.S. history, was an exception, requiring regular personal presence for the SOTU.

Evolution of the SOTU Address

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was the first to significantly change the tradition. FDR decided to use radio broadcasts to deliver the SOTU addresses. This shift made the address more accessible to the American public, and it has since become a vital tool for Presidents to communicate directly with the nation.

However, FDR's decision went further, as he also decided to deliver a televised address in the 1940s, making significant strides in how the American people receive this important address. Since then, other Presidents have delivered their addresses through various media to reach both Congress and the public.

The Pandemic and Presidential Deliverances

During the 2021 State of the Union address, President Biden faced unique challenges, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Given the health risks posed by large gatherings, the decision to deliver the address presents new considerations. Historically, the SOTU is given to a Joint Session of the United States Congress. The Congress extends an invitation, and the President accepts, typically delivering the address in person.

However, in response to the pandemic, President Biden opted to deliver his 2021 SOTU address via a television broadcast from the White House. This decision, while departing from the traditional format, was a strategic choice to ensure public safety and maintain the President's commitment to direct communication with the American people.

Is He Required to Give it in Person?

No, it is not strictly required for the President to give the SOTU address in person. Traditionally, the address is given to a Joint Session of Congress. Congress extends an invitation, and the President accepts.

During the pandemic, President Biden had the option to deliver a televised address. It is important to understand that this televised address, while reaching a broader audience, is more of a pseudo-SOTU address. It is delivered directly to the people via television, diverging slightly from the traditional format where it is delivered to Congress.

Conclusion

In summary, the requirements for the State of the Union address have evolved over time. The Constitution does not require the President to give the address in person. While traditional practices have emphasized an in-person delivery, adapting to changing circumstances, such as the pandemic, has allowed for flexibility in how the address is delivered.

Understanding these historical and contemporary aspects helps contextualize the delivery of the SOTU address, including Biden's approach in 2021. Whether in person or televised, the core purpose of the SOTU remains the same: to inform Congress and the American people on the state of the nation.