Exploring the Naming Practices of Roma in Slovakia: Similarities and Differences
Introduction:
The naming practices of the Roma community in Slovakia present a fascinating blend of similarities and differences with the broader Slovak population. This article delves into how Roma individuals often bear names that can be similar to those of Slovaks, yet also maintain unique cultural identities through their naming conventions. These practices are shaped by various factors such as integration, traditional heritage, and specific historical events.
The Prevailing Naming Conventions
Many Roma individuals in Slovakia bear names that are reminiscent of the majority Slovak population. This phenomenon can be observed particularly among those who have integrated into mainstream society or whose families have lived in Slovakia for generations. However, it is not uncommon for some Roma to retain traditional Roma names or adopt names that reflect their distinct cultural heritage.
The influence of their specific subgroups, regional variations, and historical events also plays a crucial role in shaping their naming practices. For instance, some Roma individuals might have a given name that is distinctly Slovak but a surname that reflects their Roma identity or heritage. This reflects a complex interplay between integration and maintaining cultural distinctiveness.
Legal and Economic Considerations
According to the laws in Slovakia, individuals have the right to choose a name from a list provided by the Ministry of Interior. If the desired name is not on the list, a fee must be paid to have it added. In 1975, this fee was approximately 500 Slovak korunas (CSK), which was a significant amount representing 10-20 percent of a normal monthly family income at the time. Today, the equivalent amount to 500 CSK would be around 25 USD or 20 EUR, adjusted for inflation.
These fees can be seen as an economic barrier that limits the ability of less affluent Roma individuals to choose unique or non-traditional names. Conversely, wealthier Roma individuals or those with a strong cultural focus can afford to select any name they desire.
It is also worth noting that the surname in Slovakia is typically inherited from the father. Gender-specific suffixes can be added at birth based on the original surname, but these can also be changed later with a fee. For example, a gender suffix of -ová, -ná, or -ská might be added.
Regional and Subgroup Dynamics
In some regions, particularly in areas with a significant Roma presence, it is not uncommon to find a high concentration of specific surnames. In the village of Nesvady and surrounding areas, many Roma individuals carry the surname 'Lakatos.' Similarly, there is a prevalence of the surname 'Virág' among Roma from certain origins. This concentration of surnames is often due to historical and cultural factors, rather than mixed heritage.
The historical tendency of Roma to avoid mixing with other nations can be observed through the consistent use of these surnames in specific localities. In the villages where my grandparents moved, a high percentage of Roma individuals had the surname 'Lakatos.' However, this surname was not commonly used in their birth villages, indicating a clear difference in naming practices between regions.
Although it is possible to change your surname for a fee, the law mandates that the name must be pronounceable and cannot be demeaning to anyone, including the individual themselves.
Conclusion:
The naming practices of the Roma community in Slovakia reflect a unique blend of integration and cultural preservation. While many Roma individuals may bear names that are similar to those of Slovaks, a significant portion retains distinct cultural identities through their naming conventions. These practices are influenced by historical, regional, and economic factors, contributing to the rich tapestry of cultural diversity in Slovakia.
Understanding the complexities of naming practices in the Roma community can provide valuable insights into the broader context of cultural preservation and integration. Whether it is through the inheritance of surnames or the unique use of given names, the Roma community continues to maintain a distinct cultural identity in Slovakia.