Introduction

The proposal of forming a Mediterranean Union between Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Azerbaijan has sparked considerable debate among geopolitical experts and policy-makers. Currently, the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) acts as a framework for cooperation between European Union (EU) member states and 15 Mediterranean partner countries. This article delves into the feasibility and implications of expanding the UfM to include these specific countries, with a particular focus on the challenges and potential benefits.

Background of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM)

Founded on July 13, 2008, at the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean, the UfM was established to reinforce the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Euromed) initiated in 1995. The UfM aims to promote regional stability, economic development, and cultural exchange among its member states and partner countries.

Geopolitical Analysis of the Selected Countries

The proposed Mediterranean Union includes a mix of EU member states (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece), countries in the Caucasus (Azerbaijan), and current UfM members (Turkey). The inclusion of Azerbaijan raises several questions due to geographical and political factors.

Portugal and Spain - EU Member States

Portugal and Spain are already EU member states and strong proponents of regional cooperation. Their inclusion would align well with the existing UfM framework. However, the addition of Portugal, which is not considered a Mediterranean country by geographical definition, is debatable.

Italy, Greece, and Turkey - Existing UfM Members

Italy, Greece, and Turkey are established members of the UfM and have a significant presence in the Mediterranean region. The inclusion of Turkey, a non-EU country, challenges the EU's decision-making process and raises concerns about sovereignty and political alignment.

Azerbaijan - Geographical and Political Considerations

Azerbaijan's inclusion in the Mediterranean context is contentious. Although its coastline borders the Caspian Sea and Black Sea, it is geographically distant from the Mediterranean. Moreover, its political ties to Turkey and its historical disputes with Greece over maritime rights exacerbate the geopolitical complexity.

Challenges and Implications

The formation of a Mediterranean Union involving these specific countries faces several challenges:

Political and Geographical Disparities: Portugal, a non-Mediterranean country, and Azerbaijan, which is not on the Mediterranean coast, introduce significant irregularities in the proposed union. Diplomatic Tensions: Geopolitical tensions, particularly between Greece and Turkey, could hinder collaborative efforts and lead to conflict. EU Membership Status: Turkey's application for EU membership and Azerbaijan's non-participation in EU structures will complicate the EU's role in such a union.

Future Prospects

Given the current geopolitical landscape, the formation of a Mediterranean Union involving Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Azerbaijan is highly improbable. However, efforts can be made to strengthen the existing UfM framework and address the challenges faced by member states.

Conclusion

The proposed Mediterranean Union faces significant obstacles due to geographical inconsistencies and geopolitical complexities. The current structure of the UfM, with its focus on European and North African countries, remains more appropriate and feasible. Initiatives to enhance regional cooperation and address shared challenges among Mediterranean nations can continue to be pursued without the need for such a far-reaching union.