Did World War II German Soldiers Learn a Specific Martial Arts System for Hand-to-Hand Combat?

Introduction

The question of whether World War II German soldiers specifically trained in a unique martial arts system for hand-to-hand combat has gained significant attention across various historical and martial arts studies. In many ways, the German approach to close combat focused less on specific technical training and more on psychological preparation and mental fortitude. This article explores the prevailing understanding of German close combat training and its effectiveness during the war.

Psychological and Mental Fortitude

One of the key aspects of German combat training was the emphasis on the psychology of close combat. The general belief among martial arts experts is that in such conflicts, the combination of psychology, speed, and technique plays a crucial role. A confident and determined individual has an advantage over a faster but less confident opponent. Speed gives potential in the advantage and can be advantageous against a less precise or less broad technique. A confident and swift attack can also create fear and hesitation in the opponent, widening the gap between them.

German Tactical-Operational Doctrine

The German tactical-operational doctrine, as seen in the use of longsword fighting, reflects a general principle that remains relevant in close combat. The German approach was not about excelling in specific martial arts but rather about being technical and well-equipped. The effectiveness of German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat was not solely through technical prowess or special martial arts training but through other key factors such as willpower, versatility, resilience, discipline, teamwork, forbearance, bravery, leadership, and attention to detail.

Comparative Analysis with Russian Soldiers

Marshal Timoshenko, a Russian general, once noted that the Germans' chief strength lay in their technical skills and equipment. However, he observed that German soldiers were inferior to Russians in direct man-to-man combat and found themselves uneasy in night and forested battles. Russian soldiers, on the other hand, were more comfortable in such environments. This viewpoint reflects the Russian perception of German soldiers being more advanced and disciplined, while Russians were seen as more in tune with nature and less stinted by civilized conventions.

Psychological Repercussions and Reverse Snobbery

General Gunther Blumentritt, a German general, provided an interesting perspective on the matter. He suggested that the honesty in admitting the German's technological superiority and focusing on willpower, versatility, resilience, and leadership highlighted a unique blend of qualities. Blumentritt's statement carries an ironic nuance: the Germans, being more advanced, were seen as civilized, while the Russians, being more primitive, were seen as closer to nature and thus more formidable in certain types of combat.

Conclusion

While German soldiers did not particularly train in a specific martial arts system, their emphasis on psychological preparedness, mental fortitude, and technical skills played a significant role in their effectiveness in close combat. Understanding the historical context and comparative analysis between German and Russian soldiers provides valuable insights into the factors that contributed to their success in World War II.