7.62x54 vs .308 Win: A Comprehensive Comparison for Long-Range Accuracy

When it comes to choosing the ideal rifle cartridge for long-range accuracy, two of the most prominent contenders are the 7.62x54R and the .308 Winchester. Both provide impressive performance, but which is the better choice?

Introduction to Long-Range Accuracy and the T3x Varmint Rifle

In the realm of long-range shooting, the Tikka T3x varmint rifle emerges as a top contender. This rifle, particularly the straight-out-of-the-box (SOBOTB) version, excels in achieving sub-MOA (Minute of Angle) accuracy. Firing 1000 meters (1111 yards) shots into a 330 cm target is within its capabilities. This rifle is available in .308 and is a prime choice for users seeking a reliable long-range weapon.

Military Precision and the Mosin-Nagant M28–30

The Mosin-Nagant M28–30, a military rifle, offers a fascinating comparison point. This rifle, chambered in 7.62x54R, was used during the 1939–1940 period and required sub-1.5 MOA accuracy. While not every Mosin-Nagant was of the highest quality, those that were achieved sub-MOA accuracy. During the Finnish shooting contests, achieving 2x15 shots over 300 meters with iron sights was a challenge, and a stack of 30 bullets covering more than 75mm was necessary to rank among the top shooters.

Ballistic Considerations and Bullet Weight

The choice of ammunition significantly influences performance. Self-made bullets offer the perfect match for the rifle, and the amount of available data can make or break accuracy. The 308 Winchester, with its wealth of ballistic charts, is more straightforward to shoot accurately. In contrast, the 7.62x54R faces challenges in finding suitable ballistic data.

Reloading and Pressure

The capabilities of the 7.62x54R extend beyond standard factory loads. Reloading the 7.62x54R to 90,000 psi can outperform .308 Winchester factory loads by a wide margin. For smooth operation, the maximum weight for standard .308 WIN bullets is 175 grains, while the 7.62x54R can accommodate 185 grains. Reloading to 60,000 psi or more is possible, allowing for the use of 220 grains in the 7.62x54R, something not typically feasible in a .308.

Historical Accuracy and Bullet Fit

The Lapua, a renowned Finnish ammunition manufacturer, claims that the 7.62x54R is capable of achieving the highest accuracy among all .30-caliber cartridges. This accuracy has been fostered over 130 years by the Finnish government's experience with Mosin-Nagant rifles. The Sako and Tikka, well-known Finnish rifle manufacturers, have rebarreled Mosin-Nagants with .308 calibers, ensuring a tight fit with Russian bullets. While some loss in velocity can occur with Russian barrel specifications, the 7.62x54R provides excellent accuracy with longer throats and expert gunsmithing.

Modern Rifles and Shootout Comparisons

Modern rifles chambered in 7.62x54R, such as the Finnish Simo Hyh shooting rifles, exhibit remarkable accuracy. My own experience with the Fin capture 1915 New England Westinghouse Mosin 91, with a 32-inch barrel and sub-MOA accuracy, proves the potential of these rifles for long-range shooting. I plan to conduct a shootout in 2022 between this Mosin and a 1928 rebarreled 1888 Gewehr in 300 HH, two ancient rifles that should excel out to 1500 yards or even a mile.

Conclusion

In conclusion, both the 7.62x54R and .308 Winchester offer exceptional performance in long-range shooting. The 7.62x54R's potential for higher pressures and accuracy makes it a formidable contender, especially when custom built and loaded properly. However, the ease of use and availability of data make the .308 a more accessible option for many shooters.